雅思閱讀中的幾種重要關系
1．表轉折：
but, however, yet, in fact, on the other hand;
A, but B: 否定A而肯定B，則A，B兩部分內容是相反的。
例如：Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded the paper less office. But, contrary to expectations, paper consumption throughout the world shows no sign of abating .
解釋：paper less 表示負向，則but后no sign of abating 表示正向，所以abating是表示負向的詞。
總結：此種方法有利于在不認識單詞的前提下讀懂句子意思，很有幫助，但一定要練習，而且要敏感。
練習：The marginal costs of generating electricity from nuclear energy may be tiny, but , as the technology now stands, huge and uncertain costs are involved in building the power stations, dealing with spent fuel, and decommissioning.
2．表讓步：
(1)although：although A, B:盡管有A，B還是出現(xiàn)了（A，B互不影響）若A是正，那B就是負的。
例如：Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic and industrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos could easily result in many countries.
解釋：miracle奇跡，表正向,則but后的chaos是一個表負向的詞。
(2)while：五個含義：
A．although：雖然，盡管
B．as long as：只要
C．whereas, but：表轉折
D．when：當。。。的時候
E．n. 表一段時間
例如：While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greater quality of food, especially if regular eggs are desired.
解釋：原文在本段之前講鴨子的好，在本段之后講它的不好。
(3)Albeit：盡管，雖然
例如：Albeit true but not now.
3．表并列：A and B；A．．．and B．．．
(1)并列雙方性質相同；
(2)當A、B都比較復雜時，應該從*一項找起，根據(jù)B的形式到前文找到A
例如：The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.
解釋：此句話中共有四個and ,*個and 并列of 結構，第二個and 并列fumes和toxic,第三個and并列taxicabs, lorries 和buses, 第四個and并列full of …, torn by… 和thronged…
4．表遞進：沒有轉折的意思，后項承接上文。
A furthermore B
A moreover B
A besides B
A為正向，B 仍為正向。
5．表順序或過程：
(1)first, then, next, later on, finally
(2)1st, 2nd, 3rd…
(3)in the first place, in the second place…
(4)before…, after…
(5)once, until, as soon as,…
6．特殊的關鍵詞：人名，地名，時間，數(shù)字，生詞（這是*的定位標準，多以A---A形式重現(xiàn)）
7．比較級：類比、對比
(1)as…as, like 類比
(2)more…than, unlike 對比
(3)不同的時間導致強的對比關系
例如：一段講1840年,…1919年．。。二段講2003年出現(xiàn)了A++(生詞)…問題是，2003年人們有了A++, 1840年的時候人們沒有什么？
(4)不同的地點導致強對比關系
例如：In Australia, only,….In Asia, many, A(生詞)問題是，Australia缺什么？
8．例如：A for example —— B
A是理論，B是解釋
9．因果關系：
(1)大因果關系/分句間因果關系（即：原因、結果是兩句話）
because, in that, as, since, for, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as a result
(2)小因果關系/句內因果關系(在一句話中，通過v.來表達)
例如：Increased air temperature brought about higher sea levels.
Cause, lead to, result in/ from, contribute to, pose, help, create, affect, influence, attribute to.
Attribute A to B, 把A歸因于B (因為B所以A)
